Qatile Imam Hussain (a.s.) ka mazhab. (urdu)

Yazid palid lanatullah (Urdu)

The Martyrdom of Imam Hussain (as) in Sunni Hadiths.

We are often asked by our Sunni brethren, why do we mourn for Imam Hussain (as), why do we beat our chests, and who killed him? Even such false accusations are levelled at us that the Shias killed the Imam.

To these brothers and sisters, we say that Sunni hadiths themselves have given numerous narrations, considered to be authentic, that talk about the Prophet predicting the tragedy of Karbala, crying over it, and revealing who would be behind his massacre.

Imam Hussain (as) in Sunni Hadiths

Here we quote some of these hadiths, all from Sunni sources, about the martyrdom of Imam Hussain a.s.

1) During Imam Hussain’s life as a child One narration from the Prophet’s wife Aisha tells us that she narrated: The Prophet (S) said: "Gabriel informed me that my grandson Hussain (as) will be killed after me in the land of al-Taff and brought me this Turbah (mudd/soil) and informed me that this is the soil of the place he will be martyred." Sunni reference: Tabaqat, by Ibn Sa’d, al-Tabarani, as quoted in: al-Sawa’iq al-Muhriqah, by Ibn Hajar Haythami, Ch. 11, section 3, p292.

The Narration of Anas bin Malik ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???: ???? ????? ????? ??????. ??? ???. ???: ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???. ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ????: ????? ???? ??????. ???? ???/?

Narrated Mu'ammal, narrated Umaarah bin Zaadaan, narrated Thaabit from Anas bin Malik that the Angel of Rain took permission from his lord to visit the Prophet, so He gave him permission. The Prophet told Umm Salamah to watch the door so no one could come in. Hussain came wanting to enter and I stopped him. But he jumped, entered, and started sitting on the back of the Prophet (sawa) [Hussain (as) was a young child at the time], and on his shoulders. Then the angel asked the Prophet, “Do you love him?”. He said, “yes”. The angel said, “Indeed your Ummah will kill him, and if you wish, I can show you the place where he will be killed”. Then, he struck with his hand and came with red clay. So Umm Salamah took it and tied it in her veil. Thaabit [the sub-narrator] said, “It has reached us that it's Karbala”. [Recorded in Musnad al-imam Ahmad, vol. 3, p. 242]

The Narration of Umm Salamah, the Wife of the Prophet

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Narrated Wakee', narrated Abdullah bin Sa'eed, from his father from Aisha or Umm Salamah [Wakee' said this doubt came from Abdullah bin Sa'eed] that the Prophet said to one of them [either Aisha or Umm Salamah ], “An angel entered the house on me, he never entered on me before, and he said to me, 'this son of yours, Hussain, will be killed, and if you wish I can show you the soil from the earth where he will be killed'. Then he took out some red soil”. [Recorded in Musnad al-imam Ahmad, vol. 6 p. 294]

2)During Imam Husain’s life as an adult The Narration of Ali bin Abi Talib (as)

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Narrated Muhammad bin Udaid, narrated Shurahbil bin Mudrik, from Abdullah bin Nujayy, from his father, that he travelled with Ali (as), and he used to carry his purifying water. When they were next to Nainawa on his way to Siffin, Ali called, “Be patient Oh Abu Abdillah (the kunya of his son Hussain), be patient Oh Abu Abdillah by the banks of the Euphrates. I [Nujayy] said, “What is this?”] He [Ali] said, “I entered upon the Prophet one day while his eyes were shedding tears. I said, 'what is it with yours eyes shedding tears?'. He said, 'Rather, Jibreel was here earlier and he told me that Hussain will be killed by the bank of the Euphrates and he [Jibreel] said 'do you want me to provide you a sample from his soil [where he will be killed] so you can smell it?' and I said 'yes'. So he extended his hand and he took a grip from the soil and gave it to me so I couldn't help my eyes to fill with tears'”. [Recorded by Ahmad, vol. 1, p. 85.]

3) Around the time of Ashura in 61 AH, the year Imam Hussain a.s was martyred

There are two narrations:

Narrated Salma: "I went to visit Umm Salamah and found her weeping. I asked her what was making her weep and she replied that she had seen Allah’s Messenger (S) (meaning in a dream) with dust on his head and beard. She asked him what was the matter and he replied, `I have just been present at the slaying of Hussain.’" - Sahih Tirmidhi, per: - Mishkat al-Masabih, by Khatib al-Tabrizi, English Version, Tradition # 6157

Narrated Abdullah Ibn Abbas: One day at midday he saw in a dream the Prophet (S) dishevelled and dusty with a bottle containing blood in his hand and said, "You for whom I would give my father and mother as ransom, what is this?” He replied, "This is the blood of Hussain and his companions which I have been collecting today.” He told that he was reckoning that time and found that he had been killed at that time. - Musnad Ahmad Hanbal; -Dala’ilan-Nubuwwah,by al-Bayhaqi; per Mishkat al-Masabih, by Khatib al-Tabrizi, English Version, Tradition # 6172

The skies shed blood in grief of Imam Hussain (as)

Allamah Ibn Hajar Makki writes: “Abu Said says that on the day of the martyrdom of Hussain, there was fresh blood found under every stone lifted; and the sky also rained blood whose result was evident on clothes for ages. Abu Naim says that on the day of the martyrdom of Imam Hussain (as) our containers (of water) were full of blood.” Sawaiq al-Muhriqa, Page 192

It is written in Tafseer al-Jalalayn, page 411 Annotation no.7 (published in Karachi) Under “Fama Bakta Alaihim Sama” Sa’di has been quoted as saying: “When the oppressed Imam was martyred, the sky wept on his martyrdom; the weeping of the sky is its being red and anger is the reason behind the bloody tears.”

Beating Oneself – In Sunni Sources On the issue of why Shias beat themselves, we present the evidence that in the Ahlul Sunnah’s authoritative work Ma’arij al Nubuwwah, Chapter 1 page 248 we read: “Adam was so distressed that he smashed his hands onto his knees and the skin from his hands caused gashes from which the bone could be seen”. This is clearly a case of Adam a.s. hitting himself in grief, as a Prophet. Thus hitting oneself is a natural expression of grief. It may not be in some countries and cultures such as England, but emotional distress and very open gestures of crying and lamenting are the norm in Italy, Spain, South America, and the Indian subcontinent.

Hitting oneself is also evident from the Quran. In Surah adh-Dhaariyaat we read that Sara (as) struck her face when she was told that she would conceive a baby. “Then came forward his wife in grief, she smote her face and said (what! I) An old barren woman?” Quran 51:29

“Faskat” does not just mean rub or touch, it means slap and this is evidenced from Sahih Muslim Book 030, Number 5851, Bab Fadail Musa: Abu Huraira reported that the Angel of Death was sent to Moses (peace be upon him) to inform of his Lord’s summons. When he came, he (Moses) boxed him [Sakka] and his eye was knocked out. He (the Angel of Death) came back to the Lord and said: You sent me to a servant who did not want to die. Allah restored his eye to its proper place (and revived his eyesight), and then said: Go back to him and tell him that if he wants life he must place his hand on the back of an ox, and he would be granted as many years of life as the number of hair covered by his hand. He (Moses) said: My Lord what would happen then He said: Then you must court death. He said: Let it be now. And he supplicated Allah to bring him close to the sacred land. Thereupon Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: If I were there, I would have shown you his grave beside the road at the red mound.

This has also been reported in Sahih Bukhari, Book 23 Volume 2, Book 23, Number 423, Book of Funerals.

The slapping of Prophet Ibrahim (as)’s wife Sara is proven from the Qur’an. The Qur’an tells us to adhere to the ways of the people of Ibrahim (as), so if the Shi’a beat themselves whilst mourning for Imam Hussain (as) such acts are lawful.

Certain sahaba also hit themselves in grief: we read in Ahlul Sunnah’s authoritative work Aqd al Fareed, Volume 1 page 342:

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When Umar received news of the death of Numan ibn Muqran, he placed his hand on his head and wailed: ‘O my grief for Numan!’ We find a similar narration in Kanz al Ummal, Vol.8, Page 117, Kitab al Maut.

Nothing could be more certain on this matter than the beating and mourning of the wives of the Prophet (saww) on the news of his death. As narrated by al Tabari in History Volume 9 page 183 (English translation by Ismail Poonawala):

Abbas narrates: “I heard Ayesha saying “The Messenger of God died on my bosom during my turn, I did not wrong anyone in regard to him. It was because of my ignorance and youthfulness that the Messenger of God died while he was in my lap. Then I laid his head on a pillow and got up beating my chest and slapping my face along with the women”.

Ibn Kathir in al Bidayah wa al Nihayah Volume 5 page 420 published by Nafees Academy Karachi records the event as follows:

“Rasulullah (s) died while he was in my lap. Then I laid his head on a pillow and got up beating my face along with other women”.

1. Bidayah wa al Nihayah (Urdu), Volume 5, page 420

2.Sirah Ibn Ishaq, page 713 (declared ‘Hasan’)

3. Sirah Ibn Hisham, Volume 4 page 655

4. Musnad Abi Yala, Vol 8 page 63 Hadith 4586 (Hussain Salim Asad declared it ‘Hasan’ and stated that that the same tradition is recorded in Musnad Ahmad with ‘Sahih’ chain) 5. Irawa al-Ghalil, Volume 7 page 86 (Declared ‘Hasan’ by Al-Albaani)

Likewise we read in Imta al-Asma by Maqrezi, Volume 2 page 137:

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“The mothers of believers began to hit their chests and put veil upon their heads, while the women of Ansar were hitting their faces and their voice got hoarse due to crying.” Do we need to say any more? Would the wives of the Prophet (sawa) indulge in a Haraam activity? Look at the beating ritual by the women of Madina. Ibn Kathir mentions how extreme that beating was that their faces reddened with slapping.

We read in Madarij al Nubuwah, Volume 2 page 441, whilst discussing the death of the Prophet (sawa):

“When the situation of the Prophet worsened, Bilal emerged beating his head and loudly wailing, ‘I wish my mother had not given birth to me, and that if she had I wish that I had died before this day.’”

Was the Muazzin and loyal Servant of the Prophet (sawa) ignorant of the verses on patience? Even in this case none of the companions raised any objection at the action of Bilal. Moreover the Holy Prophet (sawa) was yet alive and not deceased. This is the extreme extent of grief. Then how can similar action for Imam Hussain (as) be prohibited? At the time of Uthman’s death, we read in Tareekh Kamil Volume 3 page 89: “When Uthman was killed his killers intended to sever his head. His wives Naila and Umm’ul Baneen lay over him, screamed and began to beat their faces.” Narrations also record that Uthman’s daughter also acted likewise. As evidence we shall rely on the following Sunni works: Al Bidayah wa al Nihaya, Volume 7 page 371 Tareekh Tabari, Volume 6 page 302 Tareekh Aathim Kufi, page 159 “Ibn Jareer narrates that when the killer intended to sever Uthman’s head, the women began to scream and strike their faces. This included Uthman’s wives Naila, Ummul Baneen and daughter”. Al Bidayah wa al Nihaya, Volume 7, page 371 If the wives of Uthman can mourn Uthman’s killing in this way then surely the Shi’a of Maula ‘Ali (as) can likewise mourn the slaying of Imam Hussain (as) in this way without being criticised. In esteemed Sunni works we find that Muslims mourned at the death of Ahmed bin Hanbal: Tareekh Baghdad, Volume 4 page 422 Hayaat al Haywaan, page 101

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‘He (Abu Bakr al-Makki) said: ‘I heard al-Warkani saying: ‘The day on which Ahmad bin Hanbal died, in it ‘Matam’ and lamentation took place among four types of people, the Muslims, the Jews, the Christians and the Zoroastrians”. The Muslims killed Ibn Hanbal and yet they also mourned him. If Matam is such an extreme sin, then why was such a sin committed for this Sunni Imam? Seven days of mourning were declared for Khalid bin Waleed. We read in Kanz al Ummal Volume Six page 118: “The narrator said people had attributed the prohibition of elegies to Umar, but the fact is that when Khalid bin Waleed died the women of Banu Mugheer indulged in seven days of mourning. They reddened their chests, wailed, food was distributed and elegies were recited. Umar did not place any prohibition on this mourning”. When Ahlul Sunnah’s great hero dies elegies and self-beating occurs under the watchful eye of Umar and he takes no remedial steps to quash this alleged Bidah.

Did the Shia Kill Imam Hussain (as)?

Often the charge is levelled at us that we killed Imam Hussain (as) and are mourning out of guilt. This is a slanderous allegation. The Shias are the people who have been fiercely loyal to the Prophet (sawa) from the beginning: every utterance and action of his has been sacred for us, and at every step we have followed every command. This includes his request and the Quranic verse that the Prophet asks nothing from us but following the Quran and love for his family.

His companions were also faithful in this command – Bilal al-Habishi, Salman al-Farsi, Meesam al-Tammaar, Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, Owais al-Qarini, Ayub al-Ansari – were all loyal to Imam Ali (as) and the Ahlul Bayt (as). The Shias follow in their footsteps: the few Shias from Kufa who were loyal to Imam Hussain (as) such as Mukhtar al-Saqafi, Meesam al-Tammaar – were arrested and jailed immediately. The rest of the Kufans who called Imam but then turned traitors were not the Shias of Ali but were the Shias of Yazid, for they all were bought by him or succumbed to their fears. They were those who believed that Imam Ali (as) was not a divinely appointed Imam but in fact only the fourth caliph. Such traitors were from the companions. As many sunni scholars also have pointed out, Imam Hussain (as) was murdered by the descendants of certain companions of the Prophet, especially Umar ibn Saad, Yazid ibn Muawiya, not by the Shias.

Conclusion

Hence, it is very clear, that mourning and beating oneself is a natural expression of grief and is a question of Love. Those who love Imam Hussain (as) will naturally mourn him even more than their own loved ones. And it is also clear that the martyrdom of Imam Hussain (as) was foretold in Sunni hadiths.

Some of our Sunni brethren have been joining us throughout the month of Muharram mourning, attending our gatherings, learning, crying, and mourning for the Prophet’s most beloved grandson. World Ahlul Bayt Islamic League (WABIL) invites all of you to contact us for further information on our website, and to join Shias in their mourning rituals so that together we may condole the Prophet and his Ahlul Bayt and show our loyalty to Imam Hussain (as).

Sayed Mohammad Al-Musawi

World Ahlul Bayt Islamic League

(WABIL)

London (UK)

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